| 题名 | 猴大脑顶叶7b尾端区域神经元的视觉空间信息编码特性和快速眼动控制机制的相关研究 |
| 作者 | 姜慧慧 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2011-11 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 胡新天 |
| 关键词 | 参考系 空间编码 感受野 7b 猴 快速眼动 睡眠 快速扫视眼动 上丘 损毁 |
| 其他题名 | VISUOSPATIAL PROPERTIES OF CAUDAL AREA 7b IN THE MONKEY AND SOME STUDIES ON THE MACHANISM OF SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT |
| 学位专业 | 神经生物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 1.在感觉引导的运动中，从感觉信息编码到运动命令输出，中间涉及很多信息处理过程，包括空间信息编码的参考系的转换。根据顶叶7b 区域的解剖连接关系和先前对7b 区域功能方面的研究，我们推测7b 区域可能参与参考系的转换。在本研究中，我们检测了7b 尾端区域神经元的视觉和触觉反应特征，结果显示该区域存在三种类型的神经元。对具有清晰视觉反应的神经元，我们进一步进行了空间信息编码特性的定量研究。结果发现该区域神经元采用混合参考系编码空间信息，表明7b 尾端区域处于参考系转换的中间阶段。该研究结果为7b 尾端区域参与空间信息编码的参考系的转换提供了证据，并加深了我们对脑内参考系转换机理的理解。2.已知感觉神经元对重复出现的相同刺激的反应具有高度的重复性，而关于单个运动前神经元所编码的运动命令信号的可靠性却知之甚少。我们选择猕猴快速扫视眼动系统作为研究模型，以正中旁脑桥网状结构区域的运动前神经元作为研究对象，分析了神经元与快速眼动相关的高频突发活动的动作电位间隔（ISIs）的可变性。结果显示，在相似幅度和速度模式的眼动中，突发活动的高频成分的ISIs 非常相似，表明运动前神经元的活动模式在相似的运动中是相似的；ISIs 的低可变性并不是由神经元本身具有固定的ISIs 时间特征造成的；并且单个脑桥突发神经元的活动与其他类似突发神经元的活动高度相关。我们推测：脑桥运动前神经元与眼动相关的突发活动的高时间精度和神经元之间的相关活动降低了输出到运动神经元的命令信号的可变性，进而保证了快速眼动的准确性和精确性。3.REM 睡眠的主要特征之一是快速眼动。REM 睡眠期间的快速眼动在特征方面与清醒状态下的快速扫视眼动有一定的相似性。既然上丘在清醒状态下的快速扫视眼动的产生中具有重要作用，那么上丘在REM 睡眠期间的快速眼动产生中可能也具有重要作用。我们计划通过完全损毁上丘，比较上丘损毁前后REM 睡眠期间的快速眼动，来研究上丘在REM 睡眠期间的快速眼动产生中的作用。要进行这一研究，首先需要解决两个技术问题，即完全损毁上丘的方法和在不影响猴子自然睡眠的情况下记录睡眠参数的方法。经过一系列的探索，目前这两种方法均取得了一定的进展。采用自主设计的损毁工具损毁上丘后，清醒状态下的快速扫视眼动在数量上表现出非常明显的下降，初步表明该损毁方法是有效的。新开发设计的在自由活动猴上进行睡眠记录的装置表现出一定的优越性. |
| 英文摘要 | 1.In visually guided movement, to proceed from vision to movement, the reference frame transformation in spatial coding is one important step during information processing. Previous neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies have implicated the caudal portion of cortical area 7b as one component of this transformation system. In this study, we test visual and tactile properties of neurons in caudal area 7b, and three kinds of neurons are found. Then we test the quantitative properties of neurons with clear visual response, and find that neurons in this area encode spatial information using a hybrid reference frame. These results provide evidence that caudal area 7b may belong to the reference frame transformation system and contribute to our general understanding of the transformation system. 2.The responses of sensory neurons to repeated presentations of identical stimuli can be highly reproducible. Little is known about the reliability of the motor command signals carried by individual premotor neurons. We measured the variability in the interspike intervals (ISIs) of the high-frequency, saccade-related bursts generated by neurons in the pontine reticular formation. During movements having similar amplitudes and velocity profiles, the interspike intervals of the high-frequency component of the bursts are very similar. The low variability in interspike intervals cannot be attributed to a burst mode characterized by fixed interspike times. Different, but repeatable, burst patterns are observed when movements having approximately the same amplitude but different velocity profiles occur. The high temporal precision of the saccade-related bursts reduce variability in the signals sent to the motoneuron pools and, thereby, contribute to the accuracy and precision of saccadic eye movements.3.Rapid eye movement (REMs) is one of the main features during REM sleep. There is some similarity between REMs and saccade, and several brain areas which are important for the generation of saccade are also activated during REMs. Since the superior colliculus (SC) is very important for the generation of saccade, it is reasonable to think of the role of the SC in the generation of REMs. To validate this, we plan to ablate the SC completely and compare the REMs before and after the ablation of the SC. To do this study, we have to develop two methods first: how to ablate the SC completely and how to record sleep without disturbing the monkey. We have done a lot of work on these two methods, and got some results. After ablating the SC by the implements which we design, the number of saccades decreases distinctly, especially the vertical saccades. The instrument for sleep recording which we develop showes some advantages, and the data recorded by this instrument is identical with the data reported previously. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.26:8080/handle/152453/10160]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_神经系统编码 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 姜慧慧. 猴大脑顶叶7b尾端区域神经元的视觉空间信息编码特性和快速眼动控制机制的相关研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2011. |
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