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题名	哀牢山金山丫口夜间网捕鸟类多样性及其影响因素
作者	杨婷
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2009-06
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	杨晓君
关键词	秋季 夜间迁徙鸟类 多样性 迁徙规律 哀牢山
中文摘要	2007年9月5日至11月5日和2008年9月3日至11月7日期间，主要利用灯光诱捕，对云南省新平县哀牢山金山丫口（23°57′N, 101°30′E）夜间迁徙鸟类多样性进行调查。同时记录网捕鸟类的时序和几种主要鸟类的迁徙时序。分析各种因子（地理、温度、湿度、雾天、风向、风力以及月相周期）对夜间网捕鸟类数量和种类的影响。 2年期间共网捕鸟类7943只，129种，分别属于14目23科。雀形目鸟类占总网捕数量的58.9%。网捕数量超过1%的科共10个科。网捕数量占总网捕数量1%以上的共14种。其中红尾伯劳Lanius cristatus、小杜鹃Cuculus poliocephalus、红喉歌鸲Luscinia calliope三者的数量超过网捕鸟类总数的5%。所有网捕鸟类中，东洋型鸟类占最多共54种，占41.85%。 2年期间网捕鸟类多样性指数H′为2.60989，均匀度指数J为0.29063，优势度指数C为0.22503，G-F指数为0.71366。2007年的优势指数C和G-F指数较2008年高，但2008年的Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数较2007年高。红尾伯劳是造成两年多样性测度指数差异的主要原因。云南省不同“打雀山”夜间捕获鸟类的种类和数量存在差异。地理和气候可能是造成这些差异的主要因素。 2年工作期间将观察时间平均分为早期（9月3日至9月24日）、中期（9月25日至10月16日）、晚期（10月17日至11月8日）三个时期。早期网捕鸟类数量最多5263只，多样性指数最低，优势度指数最高；中期记录的种类最多86种，多样性指数和均匀度指数中期最高。造成这种差异的主要原因是早期红尾伯劳的数量尤其突出。单独分析2007年和2008年各时期，除了2007年晚期种类最多67种以外，其余变化都与2年总体一致。每个时期都有部分鸟类数量达到高峰，而也有部分鸟类数量处在低谷期。飞经哀牢山金山丫口的秋季夜间迁徙鸟类开始迁徙的时间大致在8月中旬，结束在11月下旬。每种鸟类的迁徙持续时间不一致，其中迁徙持续时间超过30天的鸟有36种。同种鸟类不同年份迁徙时间不一致。夜间每个时段捕获数量和种类有差异，在夜间20:00-22:00和凌晨04:00-06:00捕获数量和种类较多。24:00-02:00网捕鸟类数量和种类最少。调查结果显示不是所有鸟类都是整夜迁徙，夜间开始迁徙较早的鸟类清晨也停止迁徙较早，夜间开始迁徙较晚的鸟类清晨停止迁徙较晚。 除红喉歌鸲以外的4种鸟，它们的迁徙时间是从9月前至11月后。红尾伯劳、小杜鹃以及大杜鹃的迁徙高峰期是9月上旬至9月中旬。厚嘴苇莺Acrocephalus aedon的迁徙高峰期为9月中旬至10月下旬。红喉歌鸲的迁徙时间是9月下旬至11月上旬后，迁徙高峰期为整个10月。5个优势种都是整夜迁徙，不过每种鸟的迁徙高峰时段和低谷时段不一致。红尾伯劳、小杜鹃、大杜鹃在20:00-22:00捕获数量最多；红喉歌鸲、厚嘴苇莺在凌晨04:00-06:00捕获数量最多。红尾伯劳、红喉歌鸲、大杜鹃在24:00-02:00捕获数量最少；厚嘴苇莺在22:00-24:00捕获数量最少；小杜鹃在凌晨02:00-04:00捕获数量最少。 对5个优势种在各迁徙时期的体重进行分析，采用双样本T检验（Independent-Samples T Test）表明：红喉歌鸲和小杜鹃早中晚期的体重差异极为显著（P<0.01）。运用单因素方差分析（One-Way ANONA）表明：小杜鹃早中晚期的体重变化极其显著（P<0.01）。进一步采用双样本T检验（Independent-Samples T Test）：小杜鹃晚期体重与早期和中期体重差异都极其著（P<0.01），早期与中期的体量没有显著差异（P>0.01）。其余3个优势种各时期体量差异不显著（P>0.01）。 影响夜间网捕鸟类种类和数量的因素较多。地理特点是影响夜间网捕鸟类种类的主要因素。气候条件是影响夜间网捕鸟类种类和数量的重要因素。风向和风力对夜间网捕数量和种类都有极其显著的影响（P<0.01），其中风向对其影响比风力大，西南风时夜间网捕鸟类数量和种类较多。雾天对夜间网捕数量和种类影响极其显著（P<0.01），大雾天气夜间网捕鸟类数量和种类较多。月相周期对夜间网捕数量及其种类的影响极其显著 (P<0.01)，新月和残月期间夜间网捕鸟类数量和种类较多。温湿度对夜间网捕鸟类数量和种类影响不显著(P>0.05)。除此之外，光也是捕获夜间鸟类的必要条件。
英文摘要	The diversity of nocturnal migratory birds had been investigated by light trapping and banding from 5th September to 5th November 2007 and from 3rd September to 7th November 2008 at Jinshan yakou（23°57′N, 101°30′E） Ailao Mountain, Xinping County, Yunnan Province. Meanwhile the general migration schedule of the birds captured and superority species had been studied. The influencing factors of number and species of the birds captured at night had been investigated, for example: Geography, temperature, humidity, fog day, wind direction, wind scale and lunar phase. Totally, 7943 individuals of 129 species, which belong to 23 families, 14 orders, were captured. Passerines were main species and the percent was 58.9% in all the birds captured. There are 10 families and 14 species, in which the individuals of birds captured were more than 1% of the total. The individuals in 3 species, Lanius cristatus, Cuculus poliocephalus and Luscinia calliope,were more than 5% of the total. Among birds captured, oriental species were dominant and there 54 species, accounting for 41.85%. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, C index and G-F index was 2.60989, 0.29063, 0.22503 and 0.71366 during 2007 and 2008. C index and G-F index were higher in 2007 than in 2008, but Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were higher in 2008 than in 2007. The main reason that resulted in the difference of diversity indexes was the number of Lanius cristatus. There were differences with number and species of the birds captured at night between various birds migration localities. Geography and climate were important factors affecting the above differences. The working time was divided into the early stage, the middle stage and the late stage on the average during 2007 and 2008。The early stage was from 3rd September to 24th September. The middle stage was from 25th to 16th October. The late stage was from 17th October to 8th November. At the early stage, the number of birds captured was the most, including 5263 individuals; Shannon-Wiener diversity index was the lowest; C index was the highest. At the middle stage, the species of birds captured was the most, including 86 species; Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were the highest. These differences should be result from the different number of Lanius cristatus at every stage. A separate analysis were made between the two years data. The annual changes in the two year almost coincided each other, except there were most species, 67 species of birds, captured at the late stage in 2007. There were some birds whose quantity reached the highest point and there also were some birds whose quantity reached the lowest point at every stage. The general migration schedule of all the birds captured was from mid-August to late November in Jinshan yakou of Ailao Mountain. But the migration schedule of each bird was different. The migration schedule of 36 species was last for thirty days. The number and species of birds captured at night on every time phase were different. The number and species of birds captured at night on two time phases were more, including from 20:00 to 22:00 and from 04:00-06:00. Investigation results showed that not all the birds had migrated all the night. What had started migrating early at night had stopped migrating early. Contrarily, what had started migrating later at night had stopped migrating later. The migration schedule of Lanius cristatus, Cuculus poliocephalus, Acrocephalus aedon and were starting before the September and ending after November. The peak period of Lanius cristatus, Cuculus poliocephalus and Cuculus canorus was from beginning of September to mid-September. However, the peak period of Acrocephalus aedon was beginning of September to mid-September. The migration schedule of Luscinia calliope was from late September to November, and the peak period was from the whole October. The migration schedule showed that the five superiority species of birds migrated all night. However, peak and valley time phase of the five superioty species were different. The peak time phases of Lanius cristatus, Cuculus poliocephalus and Cuculus canorus were same, including from 20:00 to 22:00. The peak time phases of Luscinia calliope and Acrocephalus aedon were consistent, including from 04:00 to 06:00. The valley time phases of Lanius cristatus, Luscinia calliope and Cuculus canorus were consistent, including from 24:00 to 02:00. The valley time phases of Acrocephalus aedon was from 22:00 to 24:00. The valley time phases of Cuculus poliocephalus was from 02:00 to 04:00. The weight of Lanius cristatus and Cuculus poliocephalus on every stage had the significant difference. Ulteriorly, there was a significant difference on the body weights of Cuculus poliocephalus between the early and late stages, using Independent-Sample T Testl. There were no significant difference on the body weights of the other species of birds between the above two stages.The weight of the rest species had no the significant difference. There were many influencing factors on the composition of birds captured. Geography conditions did have great effect on species of captured birds. Weather was important influencing factor on number and species of birds captured at night. Statistics tests analysis showed that both wind direction and wind scale had the significant effect on the species and number of birds captured at night. However，the effect of wind direction was more important than that of wind scale. More birds and species were captured during the southwest wind period. Fog had the significant effect on the species and number of birds captured at night. The biggest number and species of birds captured appeared in foggy days. Lunar phase had the significant effect on the number of birds captured at night. The number and species of birds captured were more during crescent and old moon. Temperature and humidity had no the significant effect on the number of birds captured at night. Besides, light was necessary condition.
语种	中文
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.26:8080/handle/152453/10225]
专题	昆明动物研究所_鸟类学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨婷. 哀牢山金山丫口夜间网捕鸟类多样性及其影响因素[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2009.

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