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题名	黑白仰鼻猴生境评价与适宜性预测
作者	于龙龙
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2015-04
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	朱建国
关键词	黑白仰鼻猴 土地覆盖与土地利用 景观分析 适宜性预测 生境变化 保护
其他题名	Habitat evaluation and suitability prediction of Rhinopithecus bieti
中文摘要	生境是动物野外生存的外在条件，对野生动物的个体，种群甚至相关生物群落的生存和发展起着决定性的作用。保护物种赖以生存的生境对保护某一物种而言非常重要。黑白仰鼻猴（Rhinopithecus bieti）是国家一级重点保护野生动物，我国特有的5种灵长类之一。目前仅分布在金沙江与澜沧江之间横断山脉的一个狭窄的区域内，分布区纬度跨度较大，属于三江并流世界自然遗产地质区的一部分。 为了评估该物种的生境适宜性以及生境质量的变化情况，本研究将研究区域划分为9种土地覆盖与土地利用类型，并应用随机森林（Random forest）算法进行分类，由Landsat影像分类解译得到1974年与2010年研究区域的土地覆盖与土地利用类型图。 在上述结果基础上，采用景观分析的研究方法运用Fragstats软件对研究区域进行分析，得到以下主要的结果：研究区域内森林总面积（CA）减少了7.4%，斑块数量（NP）增加了12.9%，最大板块指数（LPI）降幅达到36%，平均斑块面积（AREA_MEAN）减小18%。可见森林斑块的总量和质量均有下降，破碎化趋势尤为明显。受此影响，核心区总面积（TCA）减少11.8%，但彼此分离的核心区数量（NDCA）却增加明显，总数量增加了18.8%。这说明在总量较少的同时，相当数量的一些大的核心区域，即整块的具有缓冲带的高质量森林斑块分裂成为小的斑块。平均核心区面积（CORE_MN）减小幅度达到18%。与此对应，人类利用类型斑块总面积（CA）上升了18.9%。斑块数量（NP）增加4.3%，斑块数量小幅增加的同时，平均斑块面积（AREA_MEAN）以及最大板块面积指数（LPI）增加明显，增幅分别达到了14%和22.7%。可以看出人类活动在此期间深刻的改变了研究区域内的景观结构和空间模式，生境破碎化加剧，导致黑白仰鼻猴生境面积和质量明显下降。 以研究区域内的土地覆盖与土地利用类型数据为环境数据来源，以基于专家知识系统以及文献记录提供的黑白仰鼻猴现有分布片区获得训练样点数据，通过MAXENT模型分别对1974年和2010年研究区域内黑白仰鼻猴生境适宜性分布情况进行预测。通过进一步分析和对比前后预测结果，发现从1974年到2010年，研究区域内黑白仰鼻猴相对适宜的生境面积减少了13.5%，共840.4 km2，其中优质生境面积减少20.3%，共249.7 km2，次优质生境减少11.8%，共590.7 km2。 本研究的结果表明人类活动对研究区域内景观的影响在加剧，是导致景观组成成分及空间模式变化的主因。黑白仰鼻猴相对适宜性生境，包括次优质生境与优质生境面积减少和破碎化趋势，源于人类利用与人类活动干扰。适宜生境的面积减少和破碎化是黑白仰鼻猴面临的主要威胁，亟需对其现有分布片区以及潜在适宜生境进行保护。
英文摘要	Habitat is the external condition for animals surviving in the wild, and it is crucial for the surviving and development of individual, population, and even the relevant biotic community. Conservation of the habitat which species live on is significant for the conservation of species. Rhinopithecus bieti is first level protected animal and one of the five endemic primate species of China. Now it only distributes in a narrow area of Hengduan Mountains between the Mekong and Yangtze River. The area which covers a wide latitude range belongs to the Three Parallel Rivers area, the World Natural Heritage. In order to evaluate the suitable level and habitat quality change in the research area, 9 land cover and land use types are defined. Random Forest algorithm was involved in the classification of the area with Landsat image to obtain the land cover and use map of the year of 1974 and 2010. Based on the above-mentioned work, landscape analysis of the research area was made with FRAGSTATS. The result is followed. From 1974 to 2010, total class area of forest (CA) decrease by 7.4%, the number of forest patches (NP) increased by 12.9%, largest patch index (LPI) of forest decreased by 36%, mean patch area (AREA_MEAN) of forest decreased by 18%. Both the size and the quality of forest landscape class declined and the fragmentation aggravated. In accord with the analysis above, the total core area (TCA) decreased by 11.8% while the number of disjunct core areas (NDCA) increased by 18.8%. The result shows that when total area and core area of forest declined, big core areas with buffer stripes broke into smaller ones which might lose some ecological function. Mean core area of forest decreased by 18%. Meanwhile, total area of developed class (CA) increased by 18.9%, number of patches (NP) increased by 4.3%. Mean patch area (AREA-MEAN) and largest patch index (LPI) both increased significantly by 14% and 22.7%. Results show that human activity has altered landscape structure and spatial pattern of the research area, and both the suitable habitat area and quality of Rhinopithecus bieti decreased distinctly. Suitable level evaluation was based on MAXENT model. The sample data was randomly created in the relatively accurate distribution area which come from relevant research and expert knowledge system. The environmental layers were extracted from land cover and land use map of the research area. The result and following analysis show that, from 1974 to 2010, the size of relatively suitable area decreased by 13.5% (840.4 km2), high quality habitat decreased by 20.3% (249.7 km2), less high quality habitat decreased by 11.8% (590.7 km2). The research result shows that the influence of human activity upon landscape in the research area is growing. The growing influence is the main factor of change of the composition and spatial pattern of landscape. The relatively suitable habitat, which includes high quality and less high quality habitat, declined in terms of both area and quality. And the decline is the main threat of Rhinopithecus bieti.It is urgent to protect the specie and its present distribution area and potential suitable habitat.
语种	中文
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.26:8080/handle/152453/10128]
专题	昆明动物研究所_动物生态学研究中心
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	于龙龙. 黑白仰鼻猴生境评价与适宜性预测[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2015.

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