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题名	雀形目繁殖鸟类对香格里拉森林景观格局
作者	刘小虎
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2013-05
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	朱建国
关键词	原始林丧失 破碎化 景观配置 鸟类多样性 多元广义线性模型 香格里拉
其他题名	Response of Passeriformes breeding birds to forest landscape change of Shangri-La
学位专业	动物学
中文摘要	香格里拉位于横断山区中部，是世界生物多样性热点地区之一。然而由于过去几十年里的商业伐木和牧场扩张，该区的暗针叶原始林覆盖率不断减小，产生了大量被次生林包围的原始林斑块，并且当前仍在丧失和破碎化。我们尝试着从景观的角度来理解该区繁殖鸟类对原始林丧失和破碎化的响应。　　我们研究的目的是：（1）确定原始林覆盖率降低和破碎化对森林繁殖鸟类的相对效应的大小。（2）验证假说：原始林破碎化效应会随着原始林覆盖率的降低而增加。　　研究地点位于香格里拉岗曲河流域的20个约150 ha的小流域景观中。为了研究独立的原始林覆盖率和破碎化效应，我们调查了这些原始林覆盖率从1.64%-84.92%不等的的景观中的鸟类分布情况。样线法和样点法共调查到雀形目鸟类8科82种。我们计算了每个景观的原始林覆盖率，并且对三个景观参数（平均斑块面积、斑块数量和总边界长度）进行主成分分析得到独立于原始林覆盖率的破碎化指数。接下来，我们用多元广义线性模型分析原始林覆盖率和破碎化指数以及它们的相互作用对鸟类群落种类和数量的效应。　　结果表明鸟类整体上的种类和数量对原始林覆盖率变化敏感，而对原始林破碎化及原始林覆盖率与破碎化间的相互效应不敏感。对不同功能类群鸟类的分析也得到了类似结果。进一步的单物种模型分析显示：有四种鸟对原始林破碎化效应反应敏感（两种为正效应，两种为负效应）；只有两种鸟对原始林覆盖率和破碎化的相互效应反应敏感（一种为正效应，另一种为负效应）。我们并没有发现有力的证据来证明假说：随着原始林覆盖率的降低，原始林破碎化对鸟类的效应会增加。　　主要结论包括：（1）在150ha的尺度上，原始林覆盖率对雀形目繁殖鸟的种类和数量具有显著的影响；（2）原始林破碎化对多数鸟类没有显著影响，但对某些鸟种影响显著；（3）原始林覆盖率效应远大于原始林破碎化效应；（4）随着原始林覆盖率的降低，原始林破碎化效应并没有增加。　　我们的研究表明在鸟类多样性保护中应重点关注原始林覆盖率的变化，仅仅通过降低原始林破碎化来保护鸟类多样性的传统做法是不足的。
英文摘要	Shangri-La locates at the middle of Hengduan Mountains, and is one of the biodiversity hotpots of the world. However, due to commercial logging and expansion of farmland in the last decades, the primary fir forest there has degraded, resulting to numerous primary patches surrounded by secondary forest. Even now the primary fir forest is also subjected to loss and fragmentation. Here we tried to understand how the resident breeding birds responded to the primary forest loss and fragmentation from a landscape approach.　　The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the respective effects of primary forest loss and fragmentation on forest-dwelling breeding birds; (2) to test the hypothesis that primary forest area correlated negatively with the fragmentation, which stated the effect of fragmentation increased as the primary forest cover decreased.　　The independent effects of primary forest cover and fragmentation on the distribution of forest Passeriforme breeding birds were studied in 18 landscapes 150ha each, ranging in primary forest cover from 1.64% to 84.92%. For each landscape primary forest cover was measured, and a fragmentation index (independent of forest cover ) was generated using PCA from the measure of average patch area, number of patches and total edge length. Totally 82 Passeriforme birds in eight Families were recorded in the observation. The effects of primary forest cover and fragmentation on species abundance were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models for Multivariate Abundance.　 Results showed that bird community was sensitive to the primary forest cover generally, but not for the fragmentation index and the interaction between the two factors. Analysis of different functional bird groups also showed similar result. Further analysis with one by one species proved that only four species were sensible to fragmentation index (two positively and two negatively), and only two species sensible to the interaction of the two factors (one positively and one negatively). We conclude that (1) primary forest cover affect the bird community significantly; (2) primary forest fragmentation only affect several bird species; (3) the effect of primary forest cover is greater than that of fragmentation; (4) the effect primary forest fragmentation on species distribution does not increase with decreasing primary forest cover. These results suggest that primary forest cover should be put priority at the conservation of bird diversity, and the traditional practice that to protect bird diversity through reducing the primary forest fragmentation is not enough.
语种	中文
公开日期	2013-06-14
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7478]
专题	昆明动物研究所_动物生态学研究中心
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘小虎. 雀形目繁殖鸟类对香格里拉森林景观格局[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2013.

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