Venom gland transcriptomes of two elapid snakes (Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra) and evolution of toxin genes

	Venom gland transcriptomes of two elapid snakes (Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra) and evolution of toxin genes
	Jiang Y 1,2; Li Y 3; Lee WH 4; Xu X 1; Zhang Y 1; Zhao RP 1; Zhang Y[]4; Wang W[]1
刊名	BMC GENOMICS
	2011
卷号	12 期号:X 页码:e1
通讯作者	zhangy@mail.kiz.ac.cn ; wwang@mail.kiz.ac.cn
合作状况	其它
英文摘要	Background: Kraits (genus Bungarus) and cobras (genus Naja) are two representative toxic genera of elapids in the old world. Although they are closely related genera and both of their venoms are very toxic, the compositions of their venoms are very different. To unveil their detailed venoms and their evolutionary patterns, we constructed venom gland cDNA libraries and genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries for Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra, respectively. We sequenced about 1500 cDNA clones for each of the venom cDNA libraries and screened BAC libraries of the two snakes by blot analysis using four kinds of toxin probes; i.e., three-finger toxin (3FTx), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), kunitz-type protease inhibitor (Kunitz), and natriuretic peptide (NP). Results: In total, 1092 valid expressed sequences tags (ESTs) for B. multicinctus and 1166 ESTs for N. atra were generated. About 70% of these ESTs can be annotated as snake toxin transcripts. 3FTx (64.5%) and beta bungarotoxin (25.1%) comprise the main toxin classes in B. multicinctus, while 3FTx (95.8%) is the dominant toxin in N. atra. We also observed several less abundant venom families in B. multicinctus and N. atra, such as PLA2, C-type lectins, and Kunitz. Peculiarly a cluster of NP precursors with tandem NPs was detected in B. multicinctus. A total of 71 positive toxin BAC clones in B. multicinctus and N. atra were identified using four kinds of toxin probes (3FTx, PLA2, Kunitz, and NP), among which 39 3FTx-postive BACs were sequenced to reveal gene structures of 3FTx toxin genes. Conclusions: Based on the toxin ESTs and 3FTx gene sequences, the major components of B. multicinctus venom transcriptome are neurotoxins, including long chain alpha neurotoxins (alpha-ntx) and the recently originated beta bungarotoxin, whereas the N. atra venom transcriptome mainly contains 3FTxs with cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity (short chain alpha-ntx). The data also revealed that tandem duplications contributed the most to the expansion of toxin multigene families. Analysis of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution rate ratios (dN/dS) indicates that not only multigene toxin families but also other less abundant toxins might have been under rapid diversifying evolution
收录类别	SCI
资助信息	This work was supported by the 100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences and a CAS-Max Planck Society Fellowship to WW; and grants from the 973 Program (2010CB529800) and the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (30630014) to YZ.
语种	英语
公开日期	2011-03-14
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/353002/6569]
专题	昆明动物研究所_基因起源组昆明动物研究所_动物模型与人类重大疾病机理重点实验室昆明动物研究所_遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室昆明动物研究所_动物活性蛋白多肽组学
作者单位	1.CAS-Max Planck Junior Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China 2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3.College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 625014, China 4.Biotoxin Units, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Jiang Y,Li Y,Lee WH,et al. Venom gland transcriptomes of two elapid snakes (Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra) and evolution of toxin genes[J]. BMC GENOMICS,2011,12(X):e1.
APA	Jiang Y.,Li Y.,Lee WH.,Xu X.,Zhang Y.,...&Wang W[*].(2011).Venom gland transcriptomes of two elapid snakes (Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra) and evolution of toxin genes.BMC GENOMICS,12(X),e1.
MLA	Jiang Y,et al."Venom gland transcriptomes of two elapid snakes (Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra) and evolution of toxin genes".BMC GENOMICS 12.X(2011):e1.