| 题名 | 水声学法在云南中小湖泊鱼类资源量调查中的首次运用 |
| 作者 | 秦涛 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015-07 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 陈小勇 |
| 关键词 | 水声学 鱼类资源量 空间分布 中甸叶须鱼 碧塔海 云南高原湖泊 |
| 其他题名 | The first assessment of fish biomass based on hydroacoustic methodology in small lakes of Yunnan |
| 中文摘要 | 云南高原湖泊众多，主要分布于海拔1280～3266 m的高原面上，按照地理位置可分为：滇西北、滇中、滇南和滇东湖群。本项研究是基于声纳技术水下探测鱼类的原理，首次采用Biosonics DT-X（200 kHz）分裂波束科学回声探测仪作为评估工具，以碧塔海中甸叶须鱼的评估调查为例，对云南高原中小湖泊的鱼类资源量与空间分布特征进行水声学初步评估。本次运用水声学技术进行的估算是目前针对关注较少的云南中小湖泊的鱼类资源量最全面、最准确、覆盖湖泊最多、海拔跨度最广、调查时间最短、调查方式最简便的一次调查，同时调查评估将会成为水声学法运用到云南高原湖泊、水库、水电站库区、河流等相关水域的鱼类生态和渔业管理研究的先例。评估的结果也可以为中小湖泊的渔业管理，鱼类资源的保护及可持续利用提供参考依据。 2013年8月中旬，初次采用Biosonics DT-X（200 kHz）分裂波束科学回声 探测仪对碧塔海特有鱼类的资源量与空间分布进行调查评估，采用Echoview后处理系统软件对数据进行分析。主要的评估结果为：中甸叶须鱼的资源总量为239,400尾。体长范围在200 mm以上的叶须鱼数占总数的1/10，约为23,940尾；体长范围在100～200 mm的叶须鱼数占总数的3/10，约为76,320尾；体长范围在100 mm以下的叶须鱼数占总数的3/5，约为152,640尾。中甸叶须鱼在碧塔海湖体中的水平分布不均匀，常常聚集于溪流入湖口及周边邻近区域，碧塔海北部“鱼洞”附近也是密集分布区之一，在游船航线范围水域鱼类分布较少。在垂直水层分布方面，中甸叶须鱼在上（1～4 m）、中（4～7 m）、下（7～10 m）3个水层的分布均有差异，主要体现为中水层密度值最高，上水层次之，下水层最低。 基于中甸叶须鱼资源量估算的方法，我们对云南高原10个中小湖泊的鱼类资源量与时空分布特征进行了调查评估。主要评估结果为：水声学调查的10个中小湖泊（碧塔海除外）主要优势种鱼类均以人工引入养殖的外来物种为主，现存个体较大的鱼类主要分布于剑湖、天池和三角海。10个水声学调查的中小湖泊中，鱼类资源总量较高的为剑湖（约为309.56 t）、三角海（约为279.2 t）；其 次为茈碧湖（约为168.83 t）、摆龙湖（约为147.41 t）、清水海（约为87.45 t）、海西海（约为77.35 t）、天池（约为46.86 t）；生物量较低的为碧塔海（约为6.68 t）、属都湖（约为6.25 t）和海峰湿地（约为0.7 t）。各中小湖泊鱼类空间分布特征均呈现出差异性。鱼类的水平分布为：占被调查湖泊总数70%的湖泊沿岸区大于敞水区，20%的沿岸区小于敞水区；垂直分布为同一湖泊不同水层之间，以及不同湖泊相同水层间鱼类密度均有差异。 走航式调查航线的设置和水域环境的差异是影响本次云南高原中小湖泊鱼类资源量水声学调查评估准确性的主要因素。此外，基于ArcGIS分析平台，水声学探测与4S技术的结合将会是未来云南高原水域鱼类监测、行为学和资源评估等研究的发展方向。 |
| 英文摘要 | Plateau lakes of Yunnan are mainly in high-altitude from 1,280 to 3,266 meters and can be classified into four groups by geographical areas, including northwest, central, southern and eastern Yunnan. According to the principle of sonar-technology detection, the hydro-acoustic assessment of Ptychobarbus chungtienensis in Bita Lake used a Biosonics DT-X echosounder as an example for fishery survey in high altitude basins. The practice of hydroacoustics is conducted to be the most comprehensive, the best accuracy, the largest number of plateau lakes, the biggest span of elevation, the short time of investigation, the simplest evaluation of fish abundance in small lakes of Yunnan. As so far, it will become a precedent or new avenue of hydroacoustic survey in Yunnan’s other fresh-waters, such as lakes, reservoirs, the drainage of hydropower station and rives. Furthermore, the estimated result can provide references for fish resources protection and sustainable utilization. This is the first time the technique has been applied to evaluate endemic fish resources and spatial distribution in Bita Lake using a Biosonics DT-X scientific echo-sounder equipped with 200 kHz Split-beam transducer in mid-August, 2013. Underwater acoustic images were analyzed in the Echoview 5.0 data post-processing system. The primary results were as follows: The reckoned results show that the total of an underwater acoustic survey collected 8,898 echo signals. And the mean TS of P. chungtienensis is －48.08±0.05 dB and the mean length is about 158 mm, the minimum TS is – 35.07 dB and maximum TS is – 59.85 dB. The total biomass of P. chungtienensis in the Bita Lake was estimated as about 239,400 individuals. Thereinto, individuals with a body length (BL) longer than 200 mm have accounted to 1/10 of the total, that is about 23,940 individuals; individuals ranged from 100 to 200 mm have accounted to 3/10, that is about 76,320; individuals smaller than 100 mm have accounted to 3/5, that is about 152,640. The difference among different location of fish on spatial distribution is showed on average densities of open water areas of about 0.1919, 0.2669 and 0.0094 inds/m2, respectively in layers of upper (1～4 m), middle (4～7 m) and bottom (7～10 m). In fact, the horizontal distribution of the fish mean densities was inconsistently, and they always were located in shoal waters, Rive estuary and the cold spring in the north of Bita Lake. According to evaluated approach of P. chungtienensis, we surveyed and attempted to estimate the fish abundance and biomass by using Biosonics DT-X (200 kHz) scientific echo-sounder in ten small lakes of Yunnan province. Results from surveyed and interviewed indicate that the most fish in small lakes (except Bita Lake) are exotic invasive species because of introducing artificial farming. Fish densities of horizontal and vertical distribution in the ten small lakes have significant or extremely significant difference between the upper water layer and other layers. The maximum of fish biomass were 309.16 and 279.2 tons in the Jianhu Lake and Sanjiao Lake, respectively. Secondly, the median of fish biomass were 168.83, 147.41, 87.45 and 46.86 tons in the Cibi Lake, Bailong Lake, Qingshui Lake, Haixi Lake and Tianchi Lake, respectively. Lastly, the minimum of fish biomass were 6.68, 6.25 and 0.7 tons in the Bita Lake, Shudu Lake and Haifeng Lake, respectively. The setting of hydroacoustic routes and difference of diversiform hydrology were mainly impact factors for assessing fish stock in small lakes of Yunnan. Fortunately, combination of hydroacoustics and 4S technologies based on the ArcGIS software, which will be a new research direction in the future. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.26:8080/handle/152453/10131]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_东南亚野生动物多样性 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 秦涛. 水声学法在云南中小湖泊鱼类资源量调查中的首次运用[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2015. |
| 个性服务 |
| 查看访问统计 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
修改评论