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题名	小波鱼属（Microrasbora）鱼类的分类整理
作者	江艳娥
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2008-06
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	杨君兴 ; 陈小勇
关键词	分类学 生境 小眼小波鱼 鱼丹 亚科 中国
其他题名	Taxonomic revision of Microrasbora Annandale (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
学位专业	动物学
中文摘要	小波鱼属(Microrasbora)隶属于鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鲤科(Cprinidae) Danioninae亚科，小型鱼类，目前包括5个种，其中库氏小波鱼(Microrasbora kubotai)分布于泰国，盖氏小波鱼(M. gatesi)、红身小波鱼(M. rubescence)、娜拉小波鱼(M. nana)分布于缅甸，小眼小波鱼(M. microphthalma sp. nov. )分布于中国。本文对该属鱼类5种45尾标本的9个可数性状和12个可量性状进行分析比较，并描述该属鱼类一新种。主要结论如下： 1. 小波鱼属的主要鉴别特征：体小型、短而侧扁；眼大而突出，眼径是眼间距的150 %；口小、亚上位；下颌无须，前端腹缘宽钝；背鳍鳍条8–10、其中分支鳍条5–7；臀鳍分支鳍条8–13，臀鳍前长/体长约60-71 %；尾鳍深叉形；鳞片大而薄，不易见，易脱落，横列鳞数目7–71/2，侧线缺失；沿体侧中轴线一模糊条带，周围具分散黑色素（大的个体在背部具模糊的网状纹）；第四胸肋基部一大孔，其侧面可见。 2. 基于外部形态特征，利用分支系统学原理和方法对小波鱼属鱼类进行系统发育研究。分支系统学结果证明小波鱼属的单系性是成立的，小波鱼属鱼类可能具有的分化顺序是：小眼小波鱼是最早分化出来的物种；红身小波鱼是第二个分化出来的物种；库氏小波鱼是第三个分化出来的物种；娜拉小波鱼与盖氏小波鱼是最晚分化出来的物种。 3. 小眼小波鱼的主要鉴别特征：背鳍前鳞15–16，背鳍前长是标准长的60–68%，臀鳍前长是标准长的65–71%，眼径是头长的27–38%，眼径是眼间距的70–93%，背鳍起点在背鳍起点之后。根据以上特征，将其描述为小波鱼属一新种。 4. 小眼小波鱼在中国瑞丽江（伊洛瓦底水系）支流南畹河被发现。该种鱼为国内该属鱼类的首次记录。 5. 小眼小波鱼生活于平缓山间溪流，食性以浮游动物和浮游植物为主。
英文摘要	The genus Microrasbora (Danioninae, Cyprinidae, Teleostei) has 5 species: Microrasbora kubotai in Thailand, M. gatesi, M. rubescence, M. nana in Myanmar, M. microphthalma sp. nov. in China. 9 numeric characters and 12 morphometric measurements of total 45 specimens from 5 species of genus Microrasbora, and one new species was described in this paper. The main conclusion was shown as follows: 1. The genus Microrasbora can be distinguished from other genera of Danioinae by the following characters: Small, body rather short and strongly compressed; eyes large and prominent, the diameter of the eye is about 1.5 times in interorbital width. Mouth small and oblique, almost semicircular; lower jaw with broad dorsal flange on the anterior dentary, and without any symphysial prominence (process). No barbels. Dorsal fin with 8–10 (5–7 branched) rays, simple rays non-osseous; Anal fin with 8 to 13 branched rays, Preal is about 60-71 % in SL. Caudal fin strongly forked. Scales very large, thin, not easily discernible, deciduous, 7-7.5 horizontal scale, lateral line absent. A faint, hardly defined lateral stripe consisting of the interaxial stripe surrounded with scattered melanophpores (in addition, large specimens often exhitbit a weak reticulated pattern dorsally) and a large foramen at base of pleural rib 4 and exposed laterally. 2. According to morphological characters, with MacClade4.0 and Paup4.0 were used for analysis, then the phylogenetic tree was constructed. By the phylogentic analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: Microrasbora microphthalma sp. nov. is the oldest species in the genus Microrasbora; M. rubescens and M. kubotai are the second and third younger species; M. nana and M. gatesi are the youngest species. 3. Microrasbora microphthalma sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of Microrasbora by the following combination of characters: 15–16 predorsal scales, eye diameter/ head length 27–38%, eye diameter / interorbital width 70–93%, predorsal length/ standard length 60–68%, the preanal length/ standard length 65–71% and the origin of dorsal fin is posterior of that of the ventral fin. 4. A new species of genus Microrasbora Annandale (1918), Microrasbora microphthalma sp. nov., is described from the Nanwan river, a tributary of the Ruili river, Irrawaddy drainage, in southwest Yunnan province, China. This new species is the first record of the genus Microrasbora in China. 5. Microrasbora microphthalma sp. nov. in small hill stream with slow velocity. Zooplankton, phytoplankton and sand were found in the intestines of M. microphthalma sp. nov..
语种	中文
公开日期	2010-10-13
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6075]
专题	昆明动物研究所_系统进化与生物地理学 昆明动物研究所_东南亚野生动物多样性
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	江艳娥. 小波鱼属（Microrasbora）鱼类的分类整理[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2008.

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