题名人和非人灵长类DNA甲基化比较的初步研究
作者曹向宇
学位类别硕士
答辩日期2012-05
授予单位中国科学院研究生院
授予地点北京
导师宿兵
关键词灵长类 人类进化 大脑发育 毛囊发育 角蛋白 DNA甲基化 K6IRS2
其他题名DNA Methylation Comparison between Human and Non-human Primates
学位专业遗传学
中文摘要人类高度进化的认知能力在人类起源中发挥了重要作用。除此之外,在 人类进化过程中人的一些其他表型也发生了变化,比如直立行走和毛发的减 少等。对人和非人灵长类基因组的比较发现,人与其他灵长类 DNA 序列上的 差异并不如想象中显著,所以基因的调控变化在灵长类进化中可能占有重要 位置。除了蛋白质的直接调控作用外,表观遗传学 在生物体遗传发育等各个 方面起着重要的作用。DNA 甲基化就是一种重要的并且可以遗传的调控方式。 然而很少有人研究 DNA 甲基化在人类进化中的作用。 为了探索 DNA 甲基化在人类智力发育和其他表型中的进化作用,我们先 通过 MeDIP-Chip 技术对三个人和三只恒河猴的大脑皮层的全基因组甲基化 水平进行了比较,筛选出 150 对有差异的基因。接下来我们采用更高精准度 的 SEQUENOM Mass ARRAY 技术对所得的 150 个区域再次筛选,得到了 6 对在 人和恒河猴大脑皮层中 DNA 甲基化水平存在稳定的差异的基因。为了检验以 上两种方法的可靠性并且探究这六个基因和人类相比是否在其他物种中也具 有和恒河猴一样的显著差异,我们采用亚硫酸氢盐处理基因组 DNA 并克隆测 序的方法对人、黑猩猩、白颊长臂猿、恒河猴和大鼠进行了检测。结果发现 在这六个基因中,有两个基因经克隆测序发现是没有差异的。另外有三个基 因在物种间存在甲基化差异,并不是在人这一支显示特异的差异。最终我们 找到了一个人与其他物种相比 DNA 甲基化有明显差异的基因 K6IRS2。 该基因被报道是与毛囊发育有关,除毛囊内根鞘外它不在其他组织表达。 我们检测了毛囊中人与恒河猴该基因的甲基化状况,发现甲基化差异与大脑皮层中的差异正好相反。最后我们分析了已经发表的人与黑猩猩心肝肾三个 组织中全基因组甲基化数据,发现也是具有显著的同大脑皮层中相同趋势的差异。
英文摘要The highly developed cognition plays an important role in the origin of human beings. Also, there are other human-specific changes such as upright walking and hairless skin during human evolution. Comparison between humans and nonhuman primates has shown few differences in the genome level, and it is likely that the differences among species mostly result from changes at the gene regulation level. Epigenetic modification is an important mechanism for regulating gene expression. DNA methylation has been shown to be heritable across generations. However, few researches have been carried out on understanding the differences of DNA methylation between human and non-human primates. To have a deep insight into the role DNA methylation duringhuman evolution, with the use of MeDIP-CHIP, we compared the genomic DNA methylation patterns in the brain between humans and rhesus macaques. We firstly identified 150 genes showing methylation differences between humans and rhesus macaques. Further analysis of these 150 genes by SEQUENOM MassARRY led to 4 the confirmation of 6 differentially methylated regions between humans and rhesus macaques. Bisulfite sequencing of the brain samples from human, chimpanzee, rhesus macaque and rat indicated that 4 of the six genes displayed between-species differences of DNA methylation with K6IRS2 showing a human-specific difference. This gene is a keratin and associated with hair follicle with preferential expression in the inner root sheath of hair. We then tested the DNA methylation of K6IRS2 in hair follicle of humans and macaques, and it turned out that the trend of DNA methylation difference was opposite to that in the cerebral cortex. In contrast, using a published data, we found that the DNA methylation differences of K6IRS2 among heart, liver and kidney between human and chimpanzee is the same as seen in the brain.
语种中文
公开日期2012-06-07
内容类型学位论文
源URL[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6969]  
专题昆明动物研究所_比较基因组学
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
曹向宇. 人和非人灵长类DNA甲基化比较的初步研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012.
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