| 题名 | 不同栽培密度和施氮水平对新疆的蓖麻的产量构成的影响 |
| 作者 | 许伟 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 田长彦 |
| 关键词 | 蓖麻，密度，施氮量，干物质，产量 |
| 学位专业 | 工程硕士 |
| 中文摘要 | 为探讨盐碱地上蓖麻的生长规律，促进蓖麻在西北干旱区的栽培，本试验以农风蓖麻杂交种为试验材料，研究了蓖麻在25000、31250、41667、62500株/hm2四个栽培密度和0、100、200、300、400kg/hm2五个施氮水平上的株高与茎粗、单株有效穗数、植株干物质的积累与分配、蓖麻籽百粒重与含油率等产量相关因素。结果如下：（1） 在25000~62500株/hm2的范围内，随着栽培密度的增加，蓖麻植株的株高增加，茎粗变细。 （2） 栽培密度对植株穗粒数和百粒重的影响不大，决定单株产量的因素为蓖麻的株有效穗数。饱和蓖麻籽的含油率与百粒重呈正相关。（3） 栽培密度为62500株/hm2时，蓖麻产量为6529.9kg/hm2，主穗产量占植株产量的比例为42.7%。（4） 成熟蓖麻植株积累的干物质在各器官中的积累为穗>茎>叶>根。穗中干物质占到植株干物质积累的45%~50%，茎中干物质的占有量维持在30%左右，叶片干物质的占有量在15%~20%，根干物质的占有量在5%左右。果穗积累的干物质有超过55%分配到籽粒中。施氮量为400kg/hm2时，果穗营养分配到穗皮的比例为28.4%，分配到穗杆的比例为15.0% （5） 施氮量为300kg/hm2时，蓖麻植株的平均有效穗数最少，为4.4穗；穗粒数最大，为76.9；蓖麻籽的百粒重为28.3g。主穗产量占植株产量的比例最高，为47.9%。 |
| 英文摘要 | In order to study the development of Ricinus communis, promote its planting technology in northwest saline-alkali land, a field experiment was conducted under different densities and nitrogen levels. The material is Nongfeng hybrid. Four density levels are 25000, 31250, 41667, 62500 plants/hm2 and five nitrogen levels are 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 kg/hm2. During field experiment, plants’ height, stem diameter, effective spike numbers per plant, accumulating and assigning of dry matter, 100-seed weight, oil rate of beans are recorded. The result indicate that: (1) During 25000~62500 plants/hm2, with the increase of planting density, plants’ height increase and stem diameter decrease. (2) Planting density has little influence with plant’s seed number and 100-seed weight. Ricinus commnuis’s yield is closely connected with plants’ effective spike number. Oil rate of full-bean has a close connection with 100-seed weight. (3) When planting density is 62500 plants/hm2, Ricinus communis’s yield is 6529.9 kg/hm2 and main spike yield /plants yield is 42.7%. (4) In mature plant, the dry matter accumulate level is spike>stem>leaf>root. The assigning of plants’ accumulated dry matter is 45%~50% in spikes, about 30% in stem, 15%~20% in leaves and about 5% in roots. 55% of spikes’ dry matter assigned to beans. When nitrogen is 400 kg/hm2, 28.4% of spike’s dry matter assigned to spike cover, and spike branch is 15.0%. (5) When the nitrogen level is 300 kg/hm2, effective spike numbers per plant is smallest in nitrogen levels, 4.4 spikes/plant; seed number per spike is the biggest, 76.9 per spike; 100-seed weight is 28.3g. Main spike yield/plants yield is biggest, 47.9%. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 学科主题 | 生物工程 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/14947]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_研究系统_荒漠环境研究室 |
| 作者单位 | 中科院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 许伟. 不同栽培密度和施氮水平对新疆的蓖麻的产量构成的影响[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学. 2015. |
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