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题名	天然玻璃和天然氧化物宝石的无损分析研究
作者	胥真奇
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2012
授予单位	中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
导师	干福熹
关键词	天然玻璃 氧化物宝石 便携式X射线荧光分析 X射线衍射 激光拉曼光谱 无损分析
其他题名	The non-destructive analysis of nature glass and oxide gemstones
中文摘要	玻陨石和黑曜石是两种天然形成的玻璃态物质，这两者统称为天然玻璃。长期以来人们都将这两种天然玻璃当作宝石来欣赏和收藏。祖母绿和红宝石属于世界“五大珍宝”，海蓝宝石也因为稀少、美丽、耐久而具有不菲的价值。 高质量的天然玻璃与天然氧化物宝石具有一定的收藏价值。但是市场上一些外观相似的宝石冒充高质量宝石进行销售，给祖母绿、海蓝宝石以及红宝石市场带来一定的冲击。而传统的破坏性的分析方法显得力不从心，无损分析技术能够准确、快速确定宝石的化学成分、结构和物相，迎合了市场需要，具有广阔的应用前景。 本文利用便携式能量色散型X射线荧光光谱仪(portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer，pXRF)对玻陨石和黑曜石进行了化学成分分析。结果表明，玻陨石与黑曜石化学成分中SiO2与Al2O3含量非常接近，二者的主要化学成分区别是碱金属氧化物、碱土金属氧化物以及铁氧化物含量。本文通过化学成分分析结果成功地区分了玻陨石与黑曜石。同时结合X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction，XRD)、激光拉曼光谱(laser Raman spectroscopy，LRS)以及扫描电子显微镜-能量色散谱仪(scanning electron microscopy-energy disperse spectroscopy，SEM-EDS)等多种无损分析方法研究了这两种天然玻璃的物相、结构和微区成分。初步讨论了两种不同成因的天然玻璃内部析出晶体的大小，以及天然玻璃形成时的冷却速度，同时结合文献讨论了玻陨石的母源物质。 本文还利用pXRF、XRD以及LRS表征了绿柱石、海蓝宝石、祖母绿、红宝石、尖晶石等多种天然氧化物宝石的宝石学特征。分析了与海蓝宝石、祖母绿、红宝石以及尖晶石共生的围岩矿物，同时探讨了不同的围岩对矿物形成的影响。结果表明，围岩对宝石中微量元素种类及其数量具有一定的影响，对宝石质量评估以及区分具有重要的意义。 最后，本文通过LRS成功区分了与祖母绿及红宝石相似的宝石，初步探讨了LRS技术在宝石识别中的应用。
英文摘要	Tektite and obsidian are two natural vitreous materials, which are considered as nature glass. These two kinds of nature glasses were collected and appreciated by people as gemstones for a long time. Emerald and ruby are considered as two of the five kinds of most valuable gemstones. And aquamarine is also of great value because of its rarity, beauty and durability. Nature glass and gemstones, with high-quality, have certain value for collection. The fade gemstones are selling in the market as high quality gemstones, which bring a bad impact to precious gemstones. The traditional methods are always destructive, while non-destructive analysis is able to identify the chemical composition, structure and mineral phase of precious gemstones accurately and quickly. So the latter with potential applications will meet the needs of the market. In this paper, the main chemical compositions of tektite and obsidian were analyzed using a portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer. The results indicate that the SiO2 and Al2O3 contents in all the nature glass samples are almost the same. However, the contents of iron and alkaline earth oxides in tektites are higher than that in obsidians, while the contents of alkali oxides was lower than that of obsidians. This could be used successfully to distinguish these two kinds of nature glasses. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) and scanning electron microscopy-energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were employed to characterize the mineral phase, structure and micro-area composition of nature glass samples. On the basis of these results, the size of crystals in these two nature glasses of different glass formation and the cooling rate were preliminary discussed. Combined with literatures, the relationship between meteorolite and tektite was also discussed. Several other kinds of natural gemstones, such as beryl, aquamarine, emerald, ruby and spinel, were also charactered by pXRF, XRD and LRS. Surrounding rocks which coexist with natural oxide gemstones mentioned above were analyzed and their influences to the gemstones were discussed. It shows that the type and quantity of trace elements in gemstones can be certainly influenced by surrounding rocks, which is of great significance to gemstone quality assessment and differentiation. Finally, gemstones similar with emerald and ruby were distinguished separately by LRS, and the application of LRS in identification of gemstones was preliminary discussed.
语种	英语
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/16709]
专题	上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	胥真奇. 天然玻璃和天然氧化物宝石的无损分析研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2012.

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