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题名	机载激光测深雷达中光电接收系统研究
作者	姚春华
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2004
授予单位	中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
导师	陆雨田
关键词	机载激光测深雷达 光电接收 雪崩光电二极管 最小可探测深度
中文摘要	机载激光测深雷达是以飞机为作业平台，通过扫描激光束测量滩涂、海岸带、岛礁等浅水区水深的测量系统。它具有效率高、探测密度大、机动性强、运行成本低以及操作简便等诸多优点。本文主要研究其光电接收系统及相关问题。本文首先介绍了机载激光测深雷达发展的历史、现状和趋势。然后介绍了机载激光测深雷达的工作方式和理论基础，并对本文所涉及的机载激光测深系统的总体结构进行了描述。系统中，光电接收子系统主要完成海面、海底的后向反射的收集、光电转换和数据采集，是整个系统的灵魂部件。第三章讨论海表测量。机载激光测深系统的一个关键技术是确定平均海平面高度。本文首先分析了采用红外激光测量海表的精度和概率，然后讨论不同扫描角、不同海况下斜距的测量精度以及回波信号信噪比的影响因素，并在给定探测概率标准时分析了甄别域值的选择问题，提出了精确测量斜距的方法和改进措施。同时根据系统海表测量的具体测量实现方法，研制完成光电探测组件，包括雪崩光电二极管（APD）及其高压电路，信号输出电路和加法器电路。第四章讨论海底测量。海底测量分为浅水测量和深水测量两个通道。浅水通道测量海表到水下8米的水深信号，而深水通道测量5-50m的水深信号。浅水测量中一个重要指标为最小可探测深度。文中首先讨论影响机载激光测深系统的最小可探测深度的各种因素和解决的技术途径。并通过分析海表和海底反射脉冲的特征，提出采用波形分解方法，从叠加的回波信号中分离海表、海底反射信号，降低机载激光测深系统的最小可探测深度，满足海岸带测绘应用。然后利用实验室模拟装置进行测量实验，利用提出的方法分离表面和底部反射信号，得到0.4m的最小可探测深度。第五章对上述工作进行了总结，并列出本论文的主要研究内容和创新点。
英文摘要	Airborne Lidar Bathymetry (ALB) is a system to measure the depth of the shoals, coasts, islands in a shallow water ranges using laser scanning technique. It is an advanced technology with many virtues such as higher efficiency, smaller scanning space, excellent flexibility, low cost and easier operation. This thesis mainly focuses on the design of photoelectric receiver and the correlative theories in the airborne laser bathymetry system. The article firstly introduces the history, present and future of ALB. Secondly, the principle of operation and the foundation of ALB are introduced. The configuration of an airborne laser bathymetry under developed is presented. As a key part of the system, the receiver is to collect the laser return from either surface or bottom. The third section discusses the measurement of the sea surface. The precise measurement of the mean sea level is very important for a ALB. The accuracy and detection probability of the sea surface using infrared laser are discussed firstly; Then the accuracy of the inclined range under different scanning angles and different status of sea is evaluated, the selection of discrimination threshold with giving criteria of detection probability is analyzed. Some improved methods of accurate measurement of inclined range are proposed. A module of Avalanche photodiode (APD) detector and corresponding circuit and a signal processor are demonstrated. The fourth section discusses detecting of the sea bottom. For the purpose of reducing the dynamic range of signal, two channels are divided to detect the shallower and the deeper bottom, respectively. The shallower channel is to detect the depth up to 8 meters and the other channel is to sound the depth from 5 to 50 meters. In additional, the capability of minimum depth of the ALB system is analyzed. The factors influencing the capability of minimum depth of an airborne laser bathymetry and the improved technical methods are discussed. Then based on the analysis of the characters of the surface and bottom reflected pulse, a method using double-Gaussian pulses fitting to separate the surface and the bottom reflected signals from the overlapped returns and to improve the capability of minimum depth using an airborne laser bathymetry is proposed. A simulated experiment was setup and the result of 0.4 m minimum depth was obtained. The last section is the summary of this thesis, and the main contribution is listed.
语种	中文
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/16551]
专题	上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	姚春华. 机载激光测深雷达中光电接收系统研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2004.

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