Residents of rural mountain settlements are constantly threatened by disasters such as landslides. Their risk perception directly or indirectly affects their behavioral choices. Introducing the concept of sense of place, this paper details its interactions with the risk perception of mountain hazards. Rural residents (n = 348) in landslide-threatened areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were questioned about their sense of place and risk perception. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to explore the interactions between various dimensions, and hypothetical tests were conducted. We found that dimensions of risk perception, such as Possibility and Unknown, had direct, negative impacts on the dimensions of sense of place, such as Society bond and Place dependence. Possibility had an indirect, yet more significant effect on Place attachment and Place identity, acting through Society bond. Rural residents often overestimate disaster risks due to fatalism, and a fear of the unknown stemming from low scientific literacy, which reduces their Place dependence. A complex interaction between sense of place and risk perception was observed. The findings provide a scientific basis for the government to formulate integrated policies regarding settlement relocation, disaster prevention and mitigation, and sustainable development.