Artificial warming increases size at metamorphosis in plateau frogs (Rana kukunoris) in the presence of predators

	Artificial warming increases size at metamorphosis in plateau frogs (Rana kukunoris) in the presence of predators
	Zhao, Jiyan ; Yang, Yangheshan ; Xi, Xinqiang ; Sun, Shucun
刊名	AQUATIC ECOLOGY
	2014
卷号	48 期号:4 页码:423-434
关键词	Predation risk Global warming Life history trait Size at metamorphosis Diving beetle Tadpole Tibet Plateau
通讯作者	Sun, SC (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Biol, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
产权排序	2
合作状况	其它
英文摘要	Global warming may induce significant changes in species life history traits particularly in amphibians, which are characterized by complex and plastic life cycles. Because both warming and predators are often suggested to reduce size at metamorphosis in amphibians, we hypothesized that the size at metamorphosis was further reduced by experimental warming in the presence of predators. We conducted a factorial-designed experiment involving two factors and two levels (warmed vs. ambient, lethal predator absence vs. presence, resulting in four treatments) using Rana kukunoris tadpoles in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and we examined its behavioral, growth, and developmental responses to warming in the presence and absence of predatory beetles (Agabus sp.) for 13 weeks. During the course of the experiment, a similar level of tadpole mortality due to the diving beetles was found between ambient and warmed treatments, but the warming effect on size at metamorphosis depended on whether the predators were present or absent. In the absence of predators, warming did not significantly increase tadpole growth but advanced the timing of metamorphosis, such that size at metamorphosis of forelimb emergence and tail resorption was much reduced in terms of body fresh weight. In the presence of predators, warming increased tadpole growth rate much more than the development rate (as reflected by duration of the tadpole stage), and therefore the size at metamorphosis was significantly increased. The significant effect of the interaction between predator and warming on the size at metamorphosis could be attributed to the tadpole response in the frequencies of feeding, resting, and swimming to the predator activity level, which was in turn increased by warming. We suggest that warming-induced changes in life history traits should be studied in relation to species interaction so as to accurately predict ecological response of amphibians to the future warmed world.
学科主题	Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
公开日期	2016-02-26
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://210.75.237.14/handle/351003/26493]
专题	成都生物研究所_生态研究
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhao, Jiyan,Yang, Yangheshan,Xi, Xinqiang,et al. Artificial warming increases size at metamorphosis in plateau frogs (Rana kukunoris) in the presence of predators[J]. AQUATIC ECOLOGY,2014,48(4):423-434.
APA	Zhao, Jiyan,Yang, Yangheshan,Xi, Xinqiang,&Sun, Shucun.(2014).Artificial warming increases size at metamorphosis in plateau frogs (Rana kukunoris) in the presence of predators.AQUATIC ECOLOGY,48(4),423-434.
MLA	Zhao, Jiyan,et al."Artificial warming increases size at metamorphosis in plateau frogs (Rana kukunoris) in the presence of predators".AQUATIC ECOLOGY 48.4(2014):423-434.