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题名	大口径光学有效载荷辐射定标技术研究
作者	孙景旭
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2015-05
授予单位	中国科学院大学
导师	高劲松
关键词	遥感 辐射定标 大口径 积分球光源 琼斯法
其他题名	Research on Radiometric Calibration for Large-aperture Space Optical Remote Sensor
学位专业	光学
中文摘要	随着遥感应用的深入，遥感的定量化、自动化和实时化是其发展的必然趋势，且定量化是自动化和实时化的前提。定量遥感涉及有效载荷的性能和图像质量、定标精度、误差分析、遥感数据处理、信息提取、定量反演等许多环节，其最基础和最重要的环节是定标。定量遥感的前提是卫星载荷能够提供定量化的数据和信息，因此定标是卫星应用发挥其效益的必要和重要环节。 光学有效载荷向着高分辨率、大视场、大孔径长焦距的方向发展。从未来遥感相机发展规划来看，为了提高地面像元分辨率遥感器会朝着大孔径长焦距的方向努力。随着遥感器口径和视场的不断增大，需要与之对应的定标光源来满足定标测试的需求。积分球光源是理想的匀光器具有良好的面发光均匀性、朗伯特性，到目前为止仍然是国内外普遍采用的实验室辐射定标和测试光源。大口径积分球光源能够提供不同的辐亮度等级并充满遥感器有效通光孔径和视场，对遥感器进行端对端的绝对和相对辐射定标。随着空间光学有效载荷口径的不断增大，常规积分球定标光源的直径和开口尺寸需要随之加大才能满足积分球光源与被定标光学有效载荷之间充满孔径、充满视场、端对端的要求，来实现全光路、全口径和全视场的定标要求。为此研究大口径光学有效载荷的辐射定标技术具有深远的理论与现实意义。 通过空间光学辐射传输模型确定遥感器在轨入瞳处的总辐射量值，建立空间相机辐射传输模型将入瞳端辐射量转化到图像DN值，进而推导出用于辐射定标的数学模型。分析了常规实验室辐射定标方法，针对大孔径空间相机的光学结构和成像特点，指出现有辐射定标方法难以满足全孔径定标的缺陷和不足，在此基础上提出了改善方案和创新方案，并分析了方案可行性。针对改进的实验室定标方案，建立新型大孔径积分球定标光源。详细讨论了大口径均匀辐射定标光源系统研制中的五个关键部分：辐亮度等级自动匹配技术；光源设计；大口径均匀辐射定标光源的结构设计；大口径均匀辐射定标光源主控系统设计；多探头并行结构辐射性能测试系统设计。最终建立的积分球光源定标不确定度小于1.5%，均匀性和余弦特性优于设计要求。开展基于近距离小面源法（琼斯法）对超大孔径空间光学遥感器辐射定标方法研究，建立了高亮度积分球定标光源。设计了水冷的散热方式对该定标光源散热，降低辐射定标过程中的声噪，同时避免了风冷散热方式带来的空气扰动对辐射定标精度的影响。最后从理论上分析了辐射定标误差源，结合光谱非匹配、定标光源辐射面的辐射特性影响空间光学遥感器绝对辐射定标精度的机理进行了详细说明，同时分析了相对辐射定标和绝对辐射定标精度。
英文摘要	With the development of remote sensing application of in-depth, quantitative remote sensing, automation and real-time network is the trend, and the quantitative is a prerequisite for automation and real-time. Quantitative remote sensing involves the payload performance and image quality, the precision of calibration, error analysis, remote sensing data processing, information extraction, quantitative retrieval and many other links, the most fundamental and the most important step is the calibration. The premise of quantitative remote sensing is that the satellite payload can provide quantitative data and information, so the calibration is necessary and important part of satellite application. Optical payload develops towards the direction of high resolution, large field of view, large aperture and long focal distance. From the remote sensing camera development plan in the future,the remote sensors will step towards large aperture and long focal length in order to improve the ground pixel resolution. With the continuous increase of remote sensor aperture and field of view, we need the corresponding calibration light source to meet the demand of the calibration test.Integrating sphere light source is anideal uniform light device which has good surface emitting uniformity, Lambert characteristic, so far is still commonly used as the calibration source and the testing source at home and abroad. Large aperture integrating sphere light source can provide different levels of radiance and fill aperture and field of view of remote sensors, which can provide end to end absolute and relative radiometric calibration for the sensors.With the continuous increase of space optical payload aperture,the diameter and opening size of conventional integral sphere calibration source need to increase to meet full aperture, full field of view, end to end requirements between the integrating sphere source and optical payload, to achieve all-optical way, full aperture and full field calibration requirements. Therefore the research on the calibration of large aperture optical payload has far-reaching theoretical and practical significance. The quantity of total radiation in the entrance pupil of the on-orbit sensor is determined by space optical radiation transmission model, The establishment of space camera radiative transfer model will transfer the amount of radiation in the entrance pupil into the image DN value,and then deduces the mathematical model for radiometric calibration. Routine laboratory radiometric calibration method is analyzed.According to the structure and characteristics of large aperture space camera, pointing out defects and shortcomings that the radiometric calibration method can not meet the full aperture calibration,the improvement scheme and innovative solutions are proposed in the foundation, meanwhile the feasibility of the scheme is analyzed. Aiming at the improvement of laboratory calibration scheme, a new type of large aperture integral sphere calibration source is established.Five key components of the large aperture uniform radiation calibration source in the development of the system are discussed in detail: automatic matching of radiance level; the light source design; structure design of large diameter uniformity radiation calibration source; main control system design of the large aperture uniform radiation calibration; design of multi probe and line structure radiation performance test system. The uncertainty of the eventually established Integrating calibration source is less than 3.6%, uniformity and cosine characteristics are better than the design requirements. In order to meet laboratory radiometric calibration requirements for continually rising optical aperture of optical remote sensors, a calibration source of high luminance with integratingsphere was designed based on Jones method.The heat dissipation method of water cooling for the calibration light source heat dissipation is designed, the noise through radiation calibration is reduced,meanwhile the radiometric calibration accuracy influence of the air agitation from air cooling is avoided. Finally, radiometric calibrationerror sourcesare theoretical analyzed, combined with the spectrum of non matching, radiation characteristics of the calibration source,the mechanism of the radiation calibration accuracy of space optical remote sensors is described in detail, and also the relative radiometric calibration and absolute radiometric calibration accuracy are analyzed.
公开日期	2015-12-24
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ciomp.ac.cn/handle/181722/48894]
专题	长春光学精密机械与物理研究所_中科院长春光机所知识产出
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	孙景旭. 大口径光学有效载荷辐射定标技术研究[D]. 中国科学院大学. 2015.

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