| 题名 | 太阳能热发电站槽式聚光器面形检测技术研究 |
| 作者 | 任兰旭 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 导师 | 卢振武 |
| 关键词 | 太阳能热发电 槽式聚光器 面形检测 吸热管反射成像法 数字图像处理 |
| 其他题名 | Study on testing of the trough concentrator surface in solar thermal power plants |
| 学位专业 | 光学 |
| 中文摘要 | 聚光器是太阳能热发电站的光能收集单元，它的面形质量决定了镜场的聚光效率，进而影响电站的发电效率。槽式聚光器面形检测技术是槽式太阳能热发电技术的关键技术之一。因此，研究槽式聚光器面形检测技术具有重要意义。本论文在国家“973计划”项目“太阳辐射能高效聚集与镜场时空协同理论(2010CB227101)”的资助和支持下，对槽式聚光器的面形检测技术进行了相关的研究。 本论文以槽式聚光器面形检测技术为研究对象，以寻找一种快速、精确的面形检测方法为出发点，在深入研究了吸热管反射成像法的理论基础上，研制了槽式聚光器面形检测设备。该设备用于检测外场聚光器的面形误差和安装位置偏差，并为槽式镜场的快速安装与调试提供了技术支持。本论文的主要研究内容和研究成果如下： 1. 分析了现有的槽式聚光器面形检测方法，提出了基于吸热管反射成像法的检测方法，建立了吸热管反射成像法的数学模型。针对吸热管反射成像系统，并基于蒙特-卡洛光线追迹法，提出了利用各点的法线偏差值计算截断因子的方法。根据吸热管在图像中的特征，利用数字图像处理技术，提出了新的灰度阈值选取算法，为高精度寻找到吸热管的边缘点提供了保证。在此基础上，研究了聚光器法线偏差的计算方法，建立了法线偏差与聚光器子镜支撑点高度调节的关联理论，可用于指导子镜支撑点的调节。 2. 基于吸热管反射成像法，研制了一套太阳能槽式聚光器面形检测设备。并详细阐述了该检测设备的系统设计和各部分的硬件实现；分析了测量相机内外参数的标定误差及吸热管的定位误差对测量精度的影响；深入研究了系统初始化的方法，首次提出了外场测量相机的零位校准方法，保证系统的测量精度。 3. 利用MATLAB编程工具，独立自主开发了吸热管反射成像检测系统的控制和评估软件。该软件具有图形化用户界面，操作简单，可自动评估和展示测量结果。 4. 对太阳能槽式聚光器面形检测设备的测量不确定度进行了标定，通过误差分析，得出设备整体测量精度为2.9mrad，满足3mrad的设计要求。对镜场实验结果进行了分析，外场槽式聚光器面形检测系统的重复性精度优于0.35mrad。根据检测结果对聚光器子镜进行调节，使得聚光器子镜的截断因子有了明显提高，验证了该检测设备的正确性和可行性。 |
| 英文摘要 | The concentrator is the light collection unit of solar thermal power plants. The collection efficiency of mirror field is determined by the surface precision, so that the efficiency of electricity generation plants is also affected. The trough concentrator surface detection technology has been considered to be one of the critical technologies in solar trough thermal power plants, so it is very important to research this technology. The testing of concentrator in solar trough thermal power plants has been conducted in this dissertation which has been supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB227101). In this dissertation, the detection technology is used as researching object. Frist a fast and accurate detection method is found, and then the theoretical basis of the absorber reflection image method is studied, and a corresponding detection instrument is developed. The instrument can detect the concentrator surface error and the installation location error regularly, and it also provides the technical support for quick installation and test in the trough mirror field. The main research contents and research results are as follows： 1. The existing detection methods of trough concentrator have been analyzed，the mathematical model of the absorber reflection image method has been created based on the corresponding principle. To the absorber reflection image system, the new calculation method of the intercept factor (IF) has been proposed by using the normal deviation based on Monte-Carlo tracing method. Based on the digital image processing technique, the new gray-level threshold selection method has been improved according to the feature images of the absorber, and then the absorber’s edge can be detected precisely. On this basis, the calculation method of the concentrator surface normal deviation has been studied. The related theory of the surface normal deviation with the adjustment of mirror facet support-point-height has been established. It will provide the worker significant perception into the adjustment of the mirror facets. 2. The surface error detection instrument of solar trough concentrator has been fabricated based on the absorber reflection image measurement method. The measurement system design and the hardware implementation have been elaborated in details. The calibration errors of the internal and external parameters of the measurement camera and the position error of the absorber are analyzed to affecting on the measurement results. The system initialization method is studied further, and the zero calibration method of the measurement camera is proposed in mirror field firstly, and then the measurement accuracy of system can be achieved. 3. The controlling and evaluation software of the absorber reflection image measurement system are developed by MATLAB programmer tools independently. This software has a graphical user interface, and it can evaluate and display the measurement results by simple operations. 4. The measurement uncertainty of the absorber reflection image measurement system is calibrated. By the error analysis, the overall measurement equipment accuracy with 2.9mrad can be obtained. It for the measurement requirements with 3mrad. The repeatability accuracy of the trough concentrator surface detection system is better than 0.35mrad by analyzing the experimental results. The intercept factor of the mirror facets is improved after one-time adjustment significantly. The effectiveness and feasibility of the detection instrument are verified by the above work. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-12-24 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ciomp.ac.cn/handle/181722/48889]  |
| 专题 | 长春光学精密机械与物理研究所_中科院长春光机所知识产出 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 任兰旭. 太阳能热发电站槽式聚光器面形检测技术研究[D]. 中国科学院大学. 2015. |
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