Clarification of how oxidation and counterface materials influence the high temperature tribological properties of TiAl alloy is the main object of this research. As evident from the comparison tests in air and argon, surface oxidation is detrimental to the tribological properties of the alloy at low temperature, but favorable above 600 °C. Counterface (Si₃N₄, SiC and Al₂O₃) is an important factor that largely affects the tribological properties of TiAl alloys, and this effect is strongly dependent on the system environment. In general, TiAl alloy shows superior tribological properties when Al₂O₃ is mating surface, excluding at 800 °C in argon.